Scientific
research publications from other websites.
Publications on Major Findings By Health Outcomes
ACE Study publications link adverse childhood experiences to a range
of health outcomes.
Each of the following topics will link you to publications which include
that outcome as a major finding: http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/ACE/outcomes.htm
Dr. Arthur Janov's Primal Center
http://www.primaltherapy.com/
Random
Thoughts from Dr. A. Janov
Janov's Refelctions on the Human Condition
http://cigognenews.blogspot.com/
The latest Mayo-Clinic study conclusion to:
“Sexual Abuse and Lifetime Diagnosis of
Psychiatric Disorders: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis”
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: To systematically assess the evidence for
an association between sexual abuse and a lifetime diagnosis of psychiatric
disorders.
There was a statistically significant association between
sexual abuse and a lifetime diagnosis of anxiety disorder (OR, 3.09;
95% CI, 2.43-3.94), depression (OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 2.14-3.30), eating
disorders (OR, 2.72; 95% CI, 2.04-3.63), posttraumatic stress disorder
(OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.59-3.43), sleep disorders (OR, 16.17; 95% CI, 2.06-126.76),
and suicide attempts (OR, 4.14; 95% CI, 2.98-5.76). Associations persisted
regardless of the victim's sex or the age at which abuse occurred.
There was no statistically significant association between sexual abuse
and a diagnosis of schizophrenia or somatoform disorders. No longitudinal
studies that assessed bipolar disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder
were found.
Associations between sexual abuse and depression, eating disorders,
and posttraumatic stress disorder were strengthened by a history of
rape.
CONCLUSION: A history of sexual abuse
is associated with an increased risk of a lifetime diagnosis of multiple
psychiatric disorders.
continue: http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.com/content/85/7/618.abstract?etoc
Video research introduction: http://www.scivee.tv/node/18244
Characteristics of Studies Included in Review: http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.com/content/suppl/2010/05/10/mcp.2009.0583.DC1/Chen_eAppendix.pdf
Sexual
Abuse
Elizabeth
ODDONE Paolucci A1, Mark L. Genuis A1, Claudio Violato A2
A1
National Foundation for Family Research and Education, Calgary, Canada
A2 Department of Applied Psychology, University of Calgary, Canada
Abstract:
A meta-analysis of the published research on the effects of child sexual
abuse (CSA) was undertaken for 6 outcomes: posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD), depression, suicide, sexual promiscuity, victim-perpetrator
cycle, and poor academic performance. Thirty-seven studies published
between 1981 and 1995 involving 25,367 people were included. Many of
the studies were published in 1994 (24; 65%), and most were done in
the United States (22; 59%). All six dependent variables were coded,
and effect sizes (d) were computed for each outcome. Average unweighted
and weighted ds for each of the respective outcome variables were .50
and .40 for PTSD, .63 and .44 for depression, .64 and .44 for suicide,
.59 and .29 for sexual promiscuity, .41 and .16 for victim-perpetrator
cycle, and .24 and .19 for academic performance. A file drawer analysis
indicated that 277 studies with null ds would be required to negate
the present findings. The analyses provide clear evidence confirming
the link between CSA and subsequent negative short- and long-term effects
on development. There were no statistically significant differences
on ds when various potentially mediating variables such as gender, socioeconomic
status, type of abuse, age when abused, relationship to perpetrator,
and number of abuse incidents were assessed. The results of the present
meta-analysis support the multifaceted model of traumatization rather
than a specific sexual abuse syndrome of CSA.
http://heldref-publications.metapress.com/app/home/contribution.asp?referrer=parent&backto=issue,2,10;journal,58,82;linkingpublicationresults,1:119938,1
Early life stress can
result in behavioural problems: Study
November 9th, 2009
London, November 09 (ANI): Early life trauma
and stress can result in behavioural problems, according to a new study
in mice.
Christopher
Murgatroyd, a scientist from the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry
in Munich, Germany, who led the study, briefed that the stressed mice
produced hormones that “changed” their genes, to affect
their long-term behavioural “programme.”
The
researchers had to cause stress to newborn mice to observe the affect
on them throughout their lives.
“We separated the pups from their mothers for three hours each
day for ten days,” the BBC News quoted Murgatroyd as saying.
He added: “It was a very mild stress and the animals were not
affected at a nutritional level, but they would [have felt] abandoned.”
It was found that those mice “abandoned” early on in their
lives had become less able to cope with stressful situations and also
had poorer memories.
Murgatroyd said that these results were because of “epigenetic
changes”, meaning the alteration in the DNA of some of the animals’
genes.
Murgatroyd said: “This is a two-step mechanism.”
continue: http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/health/early-life-stress-can-result-in-behavioural-problems-study_100272030.html
Dynamic DNA methylation programs
persistent adverse effects of early-life stress
Chris Murgatroyd , Alexandre V Patchev , Yonghe Wu , Vincenzo Micale
, Yvonne Bockm|[uuml]|hl , Dieter Fischer , Florian Holsboer , Carsten
T Wotjak , Osborne F X Almeida & Dietmar Spengler
Abstract
Adverse early life events can induce long-lasting changes in physiology
and behavior. We found that early-life stress (ELS) in mice caused enduring
hypersecretion of corticosterone and alterations in passive stress coping
and memory. This phenotype was accompanied by a persistent increase
in arginine vasopressin (AVP) expression in neurons of the hypothalamic
paraventricular nucleus and was reversed by an AVP receptor antagonist.
Altered Avp expression was associated with sustained DNA hypomethylation
of an important regulatory region that resisted age-related drifts in
methylation and centered on those CpG residues that serve as DNA-binding
sites for the methyl CpG–binding protein 2 (MeCP2). We found that
neuronal activity controlled the ability of MeCP2 to regulate activity-dependent
transcription of the Avp gene and induced epigenetic marking. Thus,
ELS can dynamically control DNA methylation in postmitotic neurons to
generate stable changes in Avp expression that trigger neuroendocrine
and behavioral alterations that are frequent features in depression.
http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v12/n12/pdf/nn.2436.pdf
Researchers
find genetic link between physical pain and social rejection
(A)
By Stuart Wolpert
| 8/17/2009 9:15:00 AM
CLA psychologists have determined for the first time that a gene linked
with physical pain sensitivity is associated with social pain sensitivity
as well.
Their study indicates that variation in the mu-opioid receptor gene
(OPRM1), often associated with physical pain, is related to how much
social pain a person feels in response to social rejection. People with
a rare form of the gene are more sensitive to rejection and experience
more brain evidence of distress in response to rejection than those
with the more common form.
The research was published Aug. 14 in the early online edition of Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences and will appear in the print version
in the coming weeks.
The findings give weight to the common notion that rejection "hurts"
by showing that a gene regulating the body's most potent painkillers
— mu-opioids — is involved in socially painful experiences
too, said study co-author Naomi Eisenberger, UCLA assistant professor
of psychology and director of UCLA's Social and Affective Neuroscience
Laboratory.
more at: http://newsroom.ucla.edu/portal/ucla/a-genetic-link-between-pain-and-98593.aspx
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in
Abused and Neglected Children Grown Up
Cathy Spatz Widom, Ph.D.
OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to describe the extent to which childhood
abuse and neglect increase a person's risk for subsequent posttraumatic
stress disorder (PTSD) and to determine whether the relationship to
PTSD persists despite controls for family, individual, and lifestyle
characteristics associated with both childhood victimization and PTSD.
METHOD: Victims of substantiated child abuse and neglect from 1967 to
1971 in a Midwestern metropolitan county area were matched on the basis
of age, race, sex, and approximate family socioeconomic class with a
group of nonabused and nonneglected children and followed prospectively
into young adulthood. Subjects (N=1,196) were located and administered
a 2-hour interview that included the National Institute of Mental Health
Diagnostic Interview Schedule to assess PTSD.
RESULTS: Childhood victimization was associated with increased risk
for lifetime and current PTSD.
More
at: Am J Psychiatry 156:1223-1229, August 1999
© 1999 American Psychiatric Association http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/156/8/1223
Antisocial
personality disorder in abused and neglected children grown up
BK Luntz and CS Widom
University at Albany School of Criminal Justice, NY 12222.
OBJECTIVE:
the authors' goal in this study was to examine the extent to which having
been abused and/or neglected in childhood raises a person's risk for
having an adult DSM-III-R diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder.
METHOD: Children who had experienced substantiated child abuse and/or
neglect from 1967 to 1971 in a Midwestern metropolitan county area were
matched on the basis of age, race, sex, and approximate family social
class with a group of nonabused and nonneglected children and followed
prospectively into young adulthood. Subjects were located and participated
in a 2-hour interview consisting of a series of structured and semistructured
questions, rating scales, and a psychiatric assessment using the National
Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Interviews
were completed with 699 young adult subjects (416 abused and/or neglected
and 283 comparison subjects).
RESULTS: Childhood victimization was a significant predictor of the
number of lifetime symptoms of antisocial personality disorder and of
a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder, despite the fact that
controls for demographic characteristics and arrest history were introduced.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest the importance of inquiring about
a patient's childhood history of abuse and/or neglect when antisocial
symptoms are evident. In addition to speculation about a possible saturation
model for the consequences of childhood victimization, these findings
also reinforce a multiple causation model of antisocial personality
disorder.
Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151:670-674
Copyright © 1994 by American Psychiatric Association http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/151/5/670
Is
Abuse during Childhood a Risk Factor for Developing Substance Abuse
Problems as an Adult?
BENNETT, ELIZABETH M. B.S.; KEMPER, KATHI J. M.D., M.P.H.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between a
history of childhood physical abuse and later substance abuse, controlling
for family history of substance abuse. The study was a cross-sectional
survey. Subjects were a convenience sample of mothers with children
younger than 6 years being seen for routine care in five pediatric clinics.
Mothers were given an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire on
demographics, substance abuse, history of physical abuse, and family
history of substance abuse. Of the 733 respondents, 24% reported having
been physically abused, 24% reported a family history of substance abuse,
and 36% had a positive screen for substance abuse. A positive screen
for substance abuse was more common among those who reported having
been abused than those who had not (47% vs 32%, p < .001). After
controlling for family history of substance abuse, a history of being
abused remained significantly associated with current substance abuse
(odds ratio = 1.58, 95% confidence interval 1.1, 2.2). Suffering abuse
during childhood is a significant risk factor for later substance abuse,
even after controlling for a family history of substance abuse. Clinicians
treating victims of abuse may wish to include substance abuse prevention
measures. J Dev Behav Pediatr 15:426-429, 1994. Index terms: alcohol
abuse, drug abuse, child abuse.
(C)
Lippincott-Raven Publishers.http://journals.lww.com/jrnldbp/Abstract/1994/12000/Is_Abuse_during_Childhood_a_Risk_Factor_for.6.aspx
Developmental
traumatology: a contributory mechanism for alcohol and substance use
disorders
References
and further reading may be available for this article. To view references
and further reading you must purchase this article.
Michael
D. De Bellis
University
of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Developmental Traumatology Laboratory,
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Abstract
Early childhood traumatic experiences, such as childhood maltreatment,
are associated with an enhanced risk of adolescent and adult alcohol
and substance use disorders (defined as DSM-IV alcohol or substance
abuse or dependence). Maltreated children and adolescents manifest dysregulation
of major biological stress response systems including adverse influences
on brain development. Dysregulation of biological stress response systems
may lead to an enhanced vulnerability for psychopathology, particularly
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. These negative
affect disorders may put a child at increased risk for adolescent or
young adult onset alcohol or substance use disorders. Thus, studies
in developmental traumatology may prove to be critical in the effort
to attempt to link the neurobiology of maltreatment-related PTSD with
the neurobiology of alcohol and substance use disorders and in developing
early strategies for the prevention of adolescent and adult alcohol
and substance use disorders.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TBX-44N9HRD-C&_user=10&_coverDate=02%2F28%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1403519403&_rerunOrigin=scholar.google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=a898fc309fbf8daa948ddd40aa374c28
On the Corrective Emotional Experience
In the era of Freud and psychoanalysis the linchpin of the therapy was
the analysis of transference: how the patient responds to the doctor
and (counter transference) how the doctor reacts to the patient. The
whole idea was to change the patient through a corrective emotional
relationship. Helping her to be more independent, not rely for advice
or love and guidance from the doctor. Now decades later, that notion
of the corrective emotional experience has gained many adherents. It
is still in essence the analysis of transference.
http://cigognenews.blogspot.com/2009/04/on-corrective-emotional-experience.html
Social support and oxytocin interact
to suppress cortisol
and subjective responses to psychosocial stress
BACKGROUND: The presence of social support
has been associated with decreased stress responsiveness. Recent animal
studies suggest that the neuropeptide oxytocin is implicated both in
prosocial behavior and in the central nervous control of neuroendocrine
responses to stress. This study was designed to determine the
effects of social support and oxytocin on cortisol, mood, and anxiety
responses to psychosocial stress in humans.
more: http://www.oxytocin.org/oxy/socialsupport.html
Birth and Sex: How They Are Related
Anoxia, Reduced Oxygen at Birth and Adult Behavior...
Dr. Arthur Janov
Oxytocin (Part 1/5): http://cigognenews.blogspot.com/2009/03/oxytocin-part-15_14.html
Oxytocin (Part 2/5): http://cigognenews.blogspot.com/2009/03/oxytocin-part-25.html
Oxytocin (Part 3/5): http://cigognenews.blogspot.com/2009/03/oxytocin-part-35.html
Oxytocin (Part 4/5): http://cigognenews.blogspot.com/2009/04/oxytocin-part-45.html
Oxytocin (Part 5/5): http://cigognenews.blogspot.com/2009/04/oxytocin-part-55.html
Epigenetic Effects
of Childhood Abuse Found in Adults
Researchers
at McGill University in Montreal have discovered that adult males who
were the victims of significant physical and/or sexual abuse as children
carried a genetic imprint of that abuse into adulthood. One group studied
had committed suicide as adults, while another group consisted of suicides
but without childhood abuse. A third group apparently consisted of living
adults who had suffered no abuse.
Men
with significant childhood abuse showed chemical markers on the glucocorticoid
gene receptor which mediates stress responses in the brain. Researchers
called the finding "quite significant." Childhood abuse can
"literally affect the genome and its operation," according
to researcher Michael Meaney.
More: http://mensnewsdaily.com/glennsacks/2009/03/03/epigenetic-effects-of-childhood-abuse-found-in-adults/
Epigenetic
additional information: http://cigognenews.blogspot.com/2008/07/inheritance-of-acquired-characteristics.html
Beta-blockers erase emotion of fearful
memories
Memory remains, but feeling of fear is less or gone, shows experimental
study in people
The first experimental study in humans connecting beta-blockers and
memory suggests these drugs, usually taken to treat heart conditions,
can also wipe away the emotions associated with frightening memories,
according to a study published online February 15 in Nature Neuroscience.
The power of such memories could be dampened when a person thinks about
the traumatic events after taking the drugs, the scientists say. (A)
more: http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/40928/title/Beta-blockers_erase_emotion_of_fearful_memories
Thirty-Year Study Links Neuroscience,
Specific Trauma,
PTSD, Image Conversion, and Language Translation
Dee Spring, Ventura, CA
Abstract
Despite voluminous literature on trauma, studies on specific trauma
and art expression remain sparse. Recurring graphic forms produced by
sexual abuse victims have appeared in art therapy publications dating
back to Naumburg (1958), but links between sexual abuse-assault and
recurring graphic forms were not considered. In 1973, this author began
a 30-year study of recurring graphic forms in drawings by this incidentspecific
group. Results reveal victims produce an artistic language not produced
by nonvictims. Analyses using repeated
ANOVAS determined frequency of occurrence of graphic forms across 225
drawings of 45 adult females. Findings indicate distinct graphic forms
symbolize sensory-perceptual elements and stimulate integration of traumatic
effects by image conversion through language translation, artistic to
linguistic. (A)
More: http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ682604&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=EJ682604
Single Brain Cell Can Store Memory
US scientists studying brain cells in mice found that a single cell
in the front part of the brain can hold fleeting traces of memories
on its own for as long as a minute and perhaps even longer: it behaves
a bit like RAM, the short term memory storage used by computers.
Scientists already know that permanent memories get stored when glutamate
(an amino acid) switches on ion channels of brain cells to reorganize
and strengthen the way they connect to each other.
The study was sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse; National
Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression; the Alexander
S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation; and the Department of Veterans
Affairs.
more: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/136628.php
Cortisol
and Imaginal Exposure in Posttraumatic Stress
Imaginal exposure is closely associated
with hippocampal processing of traumatic memory. The hippocampus is
a target for glucocorticoids which influence memory retrieval and stress
response. Glucocorticoid secretion in response to imaginal exposure
has not been investigated. We measured subjective distress and salivary
cortisol during the 1st and the 20th exposure session in a patient with
PTSD. Despite considerable arousal and anxiety,
cortisol did not increase during the first exposure. During the 20th
exposure there was a marked reduction of distress, although cortisol
values did not differ from exposure 1. The response of glucocorticoids
to imaginal exposure and mechanisms of the lacking cortisol response
need further research (German J Psychiatry
2002;5:75-77).
more: http://www.gjpsy.uni-goettingen.de/gjp-article-otte.pdf
or
Science News
Pain
Hurts More If Person Hurting You Means It
ScienceDaily (Dec. 20, 2008) — Researchers at Harvard University
have discovered that our experience of pain depends on whether we think
someone caused the pain intentionally. In their study, participants
who believed they were getting an electrical shock from another person
on purpose, rather than accidentally, rated the very same shock as more
painful. Participants seemed to get used to shocks that were delivered
unintentionally, but those given on purpose had a fresh sting every
time.
Improved
Foster Care Reduces Risk Of Adult Mental And Physical Illness, Study
Finds
ScienceDaily (June 6, 2008) — In the first controlled follow-up
study ever to examine the long-term health effects of foster care programs,
researchers from Harvard Medical School showed that the extremely high
rates of mental and physical disorders typically found among adult alumni
of public foster care programs were significantly reduced among alumni
of a private foster care program staffed by highly trained social workers
with low caseloads and good access to quality services.
originaly published by: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/06/080602160721.htm
Coming Apart: Trauma
and the Fragmentation of the Self
http://www.dana.org/news/cerebrum/detail.aspx?id=11122
By David Spiegel, M.D.
About David Spiegel, M.D.
January 31, 2008
The controversial diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder
(DID) has replaced what once was called "multiple personality
disorder." People diagnosed with DID have trouble integrating their
memories, sense of identity, and aspects of consciousness into a unified
whole. New research supports the diagnosis and sheds light on what may
have gone wrong in patients' brains, suggests David Spiegel, M.D. Spiegel,
who chaired the professional working group that recommended the change
of name in psychiatry's principle diagnostic manual, notes that the
disorder likely stems from trauma and can be considered a severe form
of post-traumatic stress disorder. Among the biological
markers he describes are a smaller hippocampus and certain neurotransmitters.
A better understanding of the importance of specific regions of the
brain to memory and emotion may help push research forward. (A)
Running head: Brain
changes in posttraumatic stress disorder
Current Directions in Psychology (in press)
Structural
and functional neuroplasticity in relation to traumatic stress
Iris-Tatjana Kolassa, Thomas Elbert
Clinical Psychology & Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Germany
Abstract
The body’s stress response is an essential adaptive and protective
mechanism to cope with threatening situations. However, chronic or traumatic
stress leads to neuroplastic changes involving structural and functional
alterations in the traumatized brain. We argue for a building block
effect: exposure to different traumatic event types increases the probability
of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), via incremental
enlargement of a fear network. Evidence on neuroplastic changes in PTSD
is summarized, including recent results from research on animal models
of stress-related neuroplastic remodeling, with an emphasis on structural
and functional changes in the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the medial
prefrontal cortex.
Antidepressants and alternative
treatments for depression
by Marcelle Pick, OB/GYN NP
http://www.womentowomen.com/depressionanxietyandmood/antidepressants.asp
Jackie was just 42 when she came to Women to Women for help. She had
gone to her prior healthcare provider complaining of fatigue and “feeling
low” two weeks out of every month. She had two active children,
kept house, helped her husband with his business, and cared for her
aging parents. No wonder Jackie was tired. But her doctor put her on
Prozac.
....Certain chronic pain conditions that primarily affect women, such
as fibromyalgia, endometriosis and rheumatoid arthritis, can cause mild
depression and multiple trips to the doctor’s office. While your
primary care doctor may be unable to resolve your chronic pain, he or
she can help make you happier about living with it. If they can satisfy
you and the HMO with a prescription, they feel they’ve done their
job.
....While doctors are under pressure from the managed care system on
the one hand, the influence of the pharmaceutical companies who make
antidepressants is truly pervasive.
Low Cortisol Levels May Predict
PTSD Risk
From Cathleen Henning Fenton,
Your Guide to Panic Disorder.
About.com Health's Disease and Condition content is reviewed by our
Medical Review Board
Researchers at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) in Bronx,
NY, have been studying post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children
of Holocaust survivors. A major conclusion of these studies is that
these children have a higher risk of developing PTSD than other people.
In a study presented in the August 2000 The American Journal of Psychiatry,
the research group discovered that adult children with at least one
parent who is a Holocaust survivor have low cortisol levels. The discovery
could mean that low cortisol levels may be predictive of the development
of PTSD.
Cortisol is a hormone that scientists associate with stress as well
as chronic mood disorders. During times of stress, cortisol levels rise
and then subside as the stress subsides. If stress is chronic or if
a chronic mood disorder (anxiety, depression) is present, increased
cortisol levels may indicate that the brain has become resistant to
cortisol's effects, scientists believe.
read
more
Study
links sexual abuse with obesity
Trauma may up weight gain
BY PEGGY O'FARRELL | POFARRELL@ENQUIRER.COM
http://news.enquirer.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070730/NEWS01/707300371/1056/COL02
Young women who were sexually abused as children are more likely to
be obese than women who weren't abused, a new study finds.
One group of 84 girls had been sexually abused; the second group of
89 had not. Both groups included girls from similar economic, ethnic
and racial backgrounds. (A)
Researchers
find protein that might reinforce people's fears
Boston
Globe July 16, 2007 http://www.boston.com/news/globe/health_science/articles/2007/07/16/researchers_find_protein_that_might_reinforce_peoples_fears/
From post-traumatic stress disorder to
fear of heights, millions of Americans suffer from what scientists call
contextual fear -- an emotional response tied to a specific life experience.
(A)
A hippocampal Cdk5 pathway regulates
extinction of contextual fear
Published online: 15 July 2007; | doi:10.1038/nn1943
http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/nn1943.html
Treatment
of emotional disorders involves the promotion of extinction processes,
which are defined as the learned reduction of fear.
more
Effect of post-retrieval propranolol
on psychophysiologic responding during subsequent script-driven traumatic
imagery in post-traumatic stress disorder.
Brunet
A, Orr SP, Tremblay J, Robertson K, Nader K, Pitman RK.
Department
of Psychiatry, McGill University and Douglas Hospital Research Center,
Montreal, QC, Canada.
The
beta-adrenergic blocker propranolol given within hours of a psychologically
traumatic event reduces physiologic responses during subsequent mental
imagery of the event. Here we tested the effect of propranolol given
after the retrieval of memories of past traumatic events. Subjects with
chronic post-traumatic stress disorder described their traumatic event
during a script preparation session and then received a one-day dose
of propranolol (n=9) or placebo (n=10), randomized and double-blind.
A week later, they engaged in script-driven mental imagery of their
traumatic event while heart rate, skin conductance, and left corrugator
electromyogram were measured. Physiologic responses were significantly
smaller in the subjects who had received post-reactivation propranolol
a week earlier. Propranolol given after reactivation of the memory of
a past traumatic event reduces physiologic responding during subsequent
mental imagery of the event in a similar manner to propranolol given
shortly after the occurrence of a traumatic event.
PMID:
17588604 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?tmpl=NoSidebarfile&db=PubMed&cmd=Retrieve&list_uids=17588604&dopt=Abstract
The
Influence of Organized Violence and Terror on the brain and Mind: A
Co-Constructive Perspective.
Thomas Elbert, Brigitte Rockstroh, Iris-Tatjana Kolassa, Maggie Schauer,
and Frank Neuner
Abstract:
The human brain is formed by two interactive systems the genetic-biological
and the sociocultural system. The brain, in turn, regulates behavior
and thereby acts on the societal environment. This chapter examines
who experience shapes the brain and describes the interaction of the
brain, behavior, and culture under condition of extreme and traumatic
stress as present in many of the world war-torn regions. ……..
direct link
Domestic
Violence in Australia Leads to Number of Suicides
Health News Posted on May 27, 2007
http://www.medindia.net/news/Domestic-Violence-in-Australia-Leads-to-Number-of-Suicides-21344-1.htm
Advanced countries?
No matter, domestic violence against women
continues to be a major scourge.
Burden of Disease and Injury in Australia, a comprehensive
report released Saturday, said nearly a third of female suicides in
the country could be attributed to domestic violence.
So
also 15 per cent of women suffering from depression were those who had
been subjected to violence at home.
The report further says that child sexual abuse causes 10 per cent of
the anxiety and depression in the entire population.
The International Society for the
Study of Trauma & Dissociation
Severe Early Trauma,
which examines research on the complex effects of childhood trauma,
and the implications for treatment.
http://www.cavalcadeproductions.com/childhood-trauma.html
The
ACE Study, which documents the high incidence of childhood
trauma and its costly effects on adult physical health, and the implications
for medical practice.
http://www.cavalcadeproductions.com/ace-study.html
Legal
Issues in Trauma Therapy, which describes the FMS backlash
against therapists in the 1990’s, and outlines standards of care
and strategies for prevention.
http://www.cavalcadeproductions.com/false-memory.html
Vicarious
Traumatization, which describes the effects of vicarious trauma,
or the stress experienced by caregivers, and how to deal with it personally
and organizationally.
http://www.cavalcadeproductions.com/vicarious-traumatization.html
Trauma
& Memory, which examines how dissociation functions as
a defense against overwhelming stress, and how such traumatic memories
may be stored.
http://www.cavalcadeproductions.com/bessel-van-der-kolk.html
The
Neurobiology of Social Bonds
Professor Keith M Kendrick
The Babraham Institute Cambridge
http://neuroendo.org.uk/index.php/content/view/34/11/
When
released in the brain through giving birth or mating, the neuropeptides
oxytocin and vasopressin are involved in promoting parent-offspring
and monogamous bonds in animals such as sheep and voles. Bonds are only
formed in species where receptors for these neuropeptides are highly
expressed in dopamine-producing reward centres. In humans, dysfunctions
in these same systems can be associated with autism and, when we see
people we love, these systems become activated. (A)
NEUROBIOLOGICAL SEQUELAE OF CHILDHOOD
TRAUMA:
Post-traumatic Stress Disorders in Children
Bruce D. Perry, M.D., Ph.D.
The ChildTrauma Academy
www.ChildTrauma.org
The
Vortex of Violence
How Children Adapt and Survive in a Violent World
Bruce D. Perry, M.D., Ph.D.
Pre-Final DRAFT
published: http://www.childtrauma.org/CTAMATERIALS/vortex_interd.asp
This booklet is one in a series developed by the ChildTrauma Academy
to assist parents, caregivers, teachers and various professionals working
with maltreated and traumatized children.
Adapted in part from: "Maltreated Children: Experience,
Brain Development and the Next Generation"
(W.W. Norton & Company, New York, in preparation)
Childhood
abuse hurts the brain
By William J. Cromie
Gazette Staff http://www.hno.harvard.edu/gazette/2003/05.22/01-brain.html
Abuse during childhood can change the structure and function of a brain,
and increase the risk of everything from anxiety to suicide.
"These
changes are not limited to physical and sexual abuse; there's growing
evidence that even verbal assault can alter the way a developing brain
is wired," says Martin Teicher, associate professor of psychiatry
at Harvard Medical School. The ominous effects are tied to reduction
in the size of sensitive areas of the brain and to abnormal brain waves
that mimic epilepsy. (A)
Sexual
Abuse of Infants
A five-part question focusing on sexual abuse during infancy.
published: http://www.childtrauma.org/ctamaterials/infant_abuse.asp
Can infants recall sexual abuse later in life?
The key word in this question is "recall." Unfortunately,
for most, the concept of memory is limited to the storage and recall
of cognitive, narrative memory. In this conceptualization, a pre-verbal
infant would not be capable of "remembering" and "recalling"
any event. Furthermore, we are all familiar with the developmental amnesia
that occurs at approximately age three.
Science
News
Week of May 27, 2006; Vol. 169, No. 21 , p. 328
Violent
Developments Disruptive kids grow into their behavior
by Bruce Bower
"Violence
is such a complicated issue," Twemlow says. "There's always
a set of preconditions to violent behavior and never just one cause."
Meyer-Lindenberg, a neuroscientist, directed studies of 142 white adults
who had inherited one of two common versions of a gene that triggers
production of an enzyme called monoamine oxydase A (MAOA). That enzyme
controls the supply of an important brain chemical. One of the gene
variants yields weak MAOA activity in the brain, resulting in elevated
concentrations of serotonin. Too much of that chemical messenger upsets
the regulation of emotions and impulses.
related
articles
Verbal
Abuse In Childhood Triggers Adult Anxiety, Depression
A new
study by Florida State University researchers has found that people
who were verbally abused as children grow up to be self-critical adults
prone to depression and anxiety.
People
who were verbally abused had 1.6 times as many symptoms of depression
and anxiety as those who had not been verbally abused and were twice
as likely to have suffered a mood or anxiety disorder over their lifetime,
according to psychology Professor Natalie Sachs-Ericsson, the study's
lead author.
Approach
to laws on offenders criticized
By JONATHAN ROOS AND LEE ROOD
REGISTER STAFF WRITERS
Studies
show that 80 percent or more of child sexual abuse victims are molested
by relatives, family friends or others known to the victims. But new
laws that restrict where sex offenders can live or require electronic
monitoring of their movements appear aimed at keeping strangers from
stalking victims around schoolyards or child-care centers. (A)
Physically
abused boys may be more likely to commit domestic violence as adults
A history of childhood physical abuse may be common in men from urban
settings, and these men with physical abuse histories may be more likely
to commit domestic violence. (A35)
http://www.xagena.it/news/medicinenews_net_news/56921b5830dc422b9e197e0df48c5b8c.html
Abuse
worst when unreported
By:Bob Berry, Crime prevention columnist
Sexual
abuse of a child or elderly person is probably the most secretive and
the hardest type of abuse to detect. It most often occurs within a family
setting with the suspect usually being a parent, relative or caretaker.
This type of abuse sometimes can be sheltered for decades until something
prompts the victim to reveal his or her story. In more cases than we
would like to believe, someone else within or close to the family is
aware of the abuse.
I would venture to guess that we all know someone or know of someone's
family who has been touched by emotional, physical or sexual abuse.
How do we stop the abuse? We have to break the cycle. Children who are
abused often grow up to be parents who abuse their children.
(Archive A 34)
Read: http://www.zwire.com/site/news.cfm?BRD=1574&dept_id=532215&newsid=15399587&PAG=461&rfi=9
Abuse
Victims Still Suffer Decades Later
ktla 5 - Los Angeles,CA,USA
... were very close." But by the time they were adults, they saw
... know that from the first moment they were abused as boys ... He
won't let anyone baby-sit his children. ...
http://ktla.trb.com/news/local/la-me-victims16oct16,0,1290041.story?coll=ktla-news-1
Great
information about childhood trauma is available by Dr. Michael Corry.
Sexual Abuse & Hatred of the Self
http://www.depressiondialogues.ie/custom12/His
resource page is vital to many Childhood abuse victims.
http://www.depressiondialogues.ie/custom19/
In
addition:
How Dr. Michael speaks on behalf of three patients, all victims of layers
of abuse, in particular sexual.
Michael Corry's letter to the Irish Times
19 May 2005
http://www.depressiondialogues.ie/custom42/
The
Invisible Epidemic: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Memory and the Brain
J. Douglas Bremner, M.D.
Dr. Bremner is a faculty member of the Departments of Diagnostic Radiology
and Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Psychiatric
Institute, and National Center for PTSD-VA Connecticut Healthcare System.
The research reviewed in this article was supported by an NIH-sponsored
General Clinical Research Center (GCRC) Clinical Associate Physician
(CAP) Award and a VA Research Career Development Award to Dr. Bremner,
and the National Center for PTSD Grant.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is something of an invisible epidemic.
The events underlying it are often mysterious and always unpleasant.
It is certainly far more widespread than most people realize. For example,
a prime cause of PTSD is childhood sexual abuse. About 16% of American
women (about 40 million) are sexually abused (including rape, attempted
rape, or other form of molestation) before they reach their 18th birthday.1
Female Perpetrators More Common Than Known Previously; Boys Abused Almost
As Often As Girls
Wednesday July 6, 3:00 pm ET
Kaiser Permanente Research: Gender and Sexual Abuse
"Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) occurs on a worldwide basis and although
most studies on the long-term consequences of CSA have focused on women,
sexual abuse of both boys and girls is prevalent," said Vincent
J Felitti, MD, of the Kaiser Permanente, San Diego Medical Center. "An
interesting finding of the article is that a significant number of boys
were molested by women."
Infant
abuse not linked to genetics
Tue 28 Jun 2005 11:59 am CST
CHICAGO (myDNA News)
Reviewed: June 28, 2005 Rick Nauert PhD
Source: Medical News Today
Nine of the 16 females who were abused in infancy by their biological
or foster mothers were abusive toward their own offspring, while none
of the 15 females reared by non-abusive mothers were abusive toward
their offspring.
Arch.Sience2
Egg
and Sperm Memory:
Universal Body Movements in Cellular Consciousness and What They Mean
Terry Larimore, L.M.S.W., and Graham Farrant, M.D.
A Key to World Peace in Cellular Consciousness
Cellular consciousness is the complete memory that we each carry in
our bodies of our earliest experiences, including conception and the
separate experiences of being a sperm and an egg. Research in the field
of pre- and perinatal psychology is showing how these early times and
experiences influence us in ways that we have never be-fore been aware
of, much less understood. It is being shown more and more that we are
constantly (unconsciously) and profoundly affected by these experiences
in every aspect of our lives.
More
about Graham Farrant:
Interviewed by Arnold Buchheimer at Appel Farm, New Jersey Sunday, August
31, 1986
http://www.primal-page.com/farrant.htm
Childhood
abuse is associated with a host of neurobiological abnormalities
Martin H. Teicher, M.D., Ph.D. (Independent Investigator 2005) of McLean
Hospital/Harvard University
Childhood abuse is associated with a host of neurobiological abnormalities
including: EEG changes, attenuated maturation of the left hemisphere,
as well as structural changes in the corpus callosum, adult hippocampus,
and cortex.
originaly published: http://www.narsad.org/research/summaries/teichermartin-2005ii.html
Cortisol
and social functioning interact to cause depression
Hypercortisolemia appears to be a predisposing factor for low levels
of social functioning, which in turn increases the risk of depression,
UK investigators reveal.
Steroid
metabolism altered in depressed patients
Altered steroid metabolism has been identified in patients with unipolar
recurrent major depression, which investigators say may be the cause
as well as a consequence of the disorder.
THE
SCANDAL OF SEXUAL MUTILATION (PDF)
PTSD
linked to fibromyalgia and MDD
Patients with fibromyalgia, a chronic pain condition of unknown etiology,
appear to be at increased risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),
but only if they have a lifetime history of major depressive disorder
(MDD), study findings indicate.
SCIENTIFIC
PROOF-ABUSED INFANTS CAN GROW UP TO BE ABUSIVE ADULTS
New evidence proving that children damaged at an early age can grow
up to be abusive adult
Proof-Abused Infants Can Be Abusive Adults
Questions and Answers about Memories of Childhood Abuse Can a memory
be forgotten and then remembered? Can a 'memory' be suggested and then
remembered as true?
http://www.apa.org/pubinfo/mem.html
