Domestic violence and rape exposed

by TONY BEST

"EPIDEMIC". THAT'S the word social scientists, human rights advocates and law enforcement authorities in and out of Barbados and the rest of the Caribbean routinely use to describe the persistently high incidence of domestic violence and sexual abuse in Barbados.

Add rape to the distressing picture, and the extent of the agony women across the land face day in and day out would become clear.

Ironically, they suffer as a result of the actions of spouses who commit the offenses and then claim love made them do it. Tragically, some women have embraced that fallacious notion.

When the United States State Department issues its annual global human rights report in a few weeks or months, it's bound to include a loud complaint about physical, verbal and sexual abuse of women and children in Barbados. It's like a recurring decimal with no end in sight.

But what isn't often written or talked about are the lifelong consequences of that abuse. The neurological damage it causes often leaves victims with psychological scars that impair future relationships and prevent them from leading normal lives.

Flashbacks and nightmares

Called Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), it manifests itself in flashbacks and nightmares, a constant reliving of the terrible events which have changed lives forever. The effects can also include chronic insomnia, quick-trigger anger or an inability to trust people of the opposite sex.

Adult rape victims and young girls who were sexually assaulted by close relatives and others in whom they had placed deep trust and confidence often find it difficult to overcome the trauma, decades after the abuse.

But women aren't alone. Men who have suffered war injuries, police officers who have been beaten by suspects, witnesses to violent or accidental deaths of close friends, or males who may have been sexually abused as young boys by religious ministers and other authority figures often suffer from PTSD.

The Roman Catholic Church in the United States has paid hundreds of millions of dollars in compensation to male victims who were sexually abused by priests during their early years as choristers or boy scouts but who have been unable to get over the tragedy decades later.

As a matter of fact, psychologists and others insist five per cent of American men have suffered from PTSD at some point in their lives.

However, the rate for women is double that, largely because of domestic violence, sexual abuse or rape. As a matter of fact, two in five female rape victims suffer from PTSD within six months of being raped, according to scientific researchers.

While there aren't any comparable figures for victims in Barbados, it shouldn't come as a surprise if the numbers in the country match those in the United States.

Not enough solutions

The problem is there aren't many solutions on the horizon.

"It can go on forever," Dr Kathleen Brady, a professor of psychiatry at the Medical Center of South Carolina, said of the effects of abuse.

Little wonder, then, that tales of woe are routinely told by women and men who are unable to cope with life after the initial abuse. For example, an American woman who was sexually abused by a neighbour when she was a child told an international publication of bouts of depression, crying fits and tremors some 20-plus years after the initial attack.

"I was probably on half-dozen different kinds of anti-depressants over the years, and they have never worked for me," said Gail Westerfield, a writer who is now in her 40s. "I've had this my whole life, pretty much."

How, then, can the problem be tackled?

Experts argue that treatment for PTSD includes a mix of drugs, anti-depressants and psychotherapy.

Dr Brady says therapy can be useful.

"There is a lot of evidence supporting exposure-based therapy, which means reliving events in a safe setting so patients can separate the inappropriate effect from the trauma," she said.

The trouble is that at least a quarter of the chronic cases of PTSD, reports The Economist, "is resistant to all treatments."

Search for treatment

The search for treatment explains why there is growing interest in the use of banned substances, including marijuana, hallucinogenic mushrooms, LSD, and other psychoactive compounds that aim to treat anxiety, cluster headaches, addiction and obsessive compulsive disorders.

What is complicating the use and the related research is that many of the substances are illegal. For in addition to marijuana, there is the interest in methylenedioxymethamphetamine, more widely known Ecstasy.

Imagine a woman appearing in the Magistrates' Courts in Bridgetown on drug possession charges and using PTSD and the relief marijuana provides for anxiety, anger or inability to sleep as the defence.

Chances are, it wouldn't be an acceptable defence.

Originally published by: http://www.nationnews.com/editorial/293472813548266.php